The above error message appeared after I unzipped the downloaded Eclipse using Cygwin (because Windows 8 was unable to handle that long paths).

The reason is that the contained libraries (DLLs) are not executable, which can be easily resolved:

unzip eclipse-cpp-luna-SR2-win32.zip
cd ./eclipse
find . -name "*.dll" -exec chmod +x {} \;

This solution has been proposed on stackoverflow.